PLC的外设很丰富,编程器种类很多,用起来都较方便,还有数据监控器,可监控PLC的工作。使用PLC的软件也很多,不仅可用类似于继电电路设计的梯形图语言,有的还可用BASIC语言、C语言,以至于自然语言。这些也为PLC编程提供了方便。
PLC的程序也便于存储、移植及再使用。某定型产品用的PLC的程序完善之后,凡这种产品都可使用。生产一台,拷贝一份即可。这比起继电器电路台台设备都要接线、调试,要省事及简单得多。
(4)维修方便:这是由于:
①PLC工作可靠,出现故障的情况未几,这大大减轻了维修的工作量。这在讲述PLC的第三个特点时,还将进一步介绍。
②即使PLC出现故障,维修也很方便。这是由于PLC都设有很多故障提示信号,如PLC支持内存保持数据的电池电压不足,相应的就有电压低信号指示。而且,PLC本身还可作故障情况记录。所以,PLC出了故障,很易诊断。同时,诊断出故障后排故也很简单。可按模块排故,而模块的备件市场可以买到,进行简单的更换就可以。至于软件,调试好后不会出故障,再多只要依据使用经验进行调整,使之完善就是了。
(5)改用方便:PLC用于某设备,若这个设备不再使用了,其所用的PLC还可给别的设备使用,只要改编一下程序,就可办到。假如原设备与新设备差别较大,它的一些模块还可重用。
3 工作可靠
用PLC实现对系统的控制是非常可靠的。这是由于PLC在硬件与软件两个方面都采取了很多措施,确保它能可靠工作。事实上,假如PLC工作不可靠,就无法在产业环境下运用,也就不成其为PLC了。
(1) 在硬件方面:
PLC的输进输出电路与内部CPU是电隔离。其信息靠光耦器件或电磁器件传递。而且,CPU板还有抗电磁干扰的屏蔽措施。故可确保PLC程序的运行不受外界的电与磁干扰,能正常地工作。
PLC使用的元器件多为无触点的,而且为高度集成的,数目并不太多,也为其可靠工作提供了物质基础。
在机械结构设计与制造工艺上,为使PLC能安全可靠地工作,也采取了很多措施,可确保PLC耐振动、耐冲击。使用环境温度可高达摄氏50多度,有的PLC可高达80——90度。
有的PLC的模块可热备,一个主机工作,另一个主机也运转,但不参与控制,仅作备份。一旦工作主机出现故障,热备的可自动接替其工作。
还有更进一步冗余的,采用三取一的设计,CPU、I/O模块、电源模块都冗余或其中的部分冗余。三套同时工作,终极输出取决于三者中的多数决定的结果。这可使系统出故障的机率几乎为零,做到万无一失。当然,这样的系统本钱是很高的,只用于特别重要的场合,如铁路车站的道叉控制系统。
(2)软件方面:
PLC的工作方式为扫描加中断,这既可保证它能有序地工作,避免继电控制系统常出现的"冒险竞争",其控制结果总是确定的;而且又能应急处理急于处理的控制,保证了PLC对应急情况的及时响应,使PLC能可靠地工作。
为监控PLC运行程序是否正常,PLC系统都设置了"看门狗"(Watchingdog)监控程序。运行用户程序开始时,先清"看门狗"定时器,并开始计时。当用户程序一个循环运行完了,则查看定时器的计时值。若超时(一般不超过100ms),则报警。严重超时,还可使PLC停止工作。用户可依报警信号采取相应的应急措施。定时器的计时值若不超时,则重复起始的过程,PLC将正常工作。显然,有了这个"看门狗"监控程序,可保证PLC用户程序的正常运行,可避免出现"死循环"而影响其工作的可靠性。
PLC还有很多防止及检测故障的指令,以产生各重要模块工作正常与否的提示信号。可通过编制相应的用户程序,对PLC的工作状况,以及PLC所控制的系统进行监控,以确保其可靠工作。
PLC每次上电后,还都要运行自检程序及对系统进行初始化。这是系统程序配置了的,用户可不干预。出现故障时有相应的出错信号提示。
正是PLC在软、硬件诸方面有强有力的可靠性措施,才确保了PLC具有可靠工作的特点。它的均匀无故障时间可达几万小时以上;出了故障均匀修复时间也很短,几小时以至于几分钟即可。
曾有人做过为什么要使用PLC的问卷调查。在回答中,多数用户把PLC工作可靠作为选用它的主要原因,即把PLC能可靠工作,作为它的首选指标。
FANUC A20B-0008-0540?/ 01A,A350-0008-T544/01 BOARD #1
TOKYO SEIMITSU HA1120A DIVIDER BOARD[2PCS]FOR A-WD-208T
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MKS INSTRUMENTS TYPE?153 ConTROL VALVE 153F-1-40-2
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HD 20-50-008595 HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
TEL BOARD PCB PST OPT 3281-000095-13, 3208-000095-11
TEL PCB BOARD SIO-1?3281-000172-13,3208-000172-13
HD SF14-50-180188, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
HD 17-50-025775, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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HD 14-100, HARMONIC?DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#4
HD SF14-100-087360,?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
HD H SF14-100, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
NACHI ROBOT AR ConTROLLER ROP300,U11-A01
NSK SERVO MOTOR JS1003FN507 TESTED WORKING
CMC PM SERVO MOTOR 2115000M3000WEC-C0,GEARHEAD B3,DIGITAL ENCODER 21DM1000 5L37A
CMC PM SERVO MOTOR 2115000M3000WEC-CO,GEARHEAD B3,DIGITAL ENCODER 21DM1000
THK BEARING RBV168,RBV168-1231543 NNB
MITSUBISHI PLC AS92R
Schneider Magelis XBTGT2330 Opt Interface Panel WORKING
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,PCISA-158HV-SAM1 COMPUTER BOARD TESTED?WORKING
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ConTEC PC-686C [PC] H-LV 7654A,INTEL PENTIUM III 700MHZ
IAI ACTUATOR ConTROLLER SCON-C-200A-NP-2-2 FOR IF-MA2R-A-200-1600-T2-X07
HORIBA STEC MASS FLOW ConTROLLER SEC-Z512MGX,GAS:N2 1SLM NNB
FANUC AC SERVO MOTOR?A06B-0113-B075
Newly listed?INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ConTEC PC-686C [PC] H-LV 7654A COMPUTER,P- III CPU 700MHZ
MITSUBISHI AC SERVO?MOTOR HC-SFS152B TESTED,WORKING
SIEMENS SIMATIC,S7 1P 6ES7 407-0DA00-0AA0
PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVE MDDA153D1A44 1.5KW
LEICA MIS200 Q54109?301-364.025(-007)/01FAULHABER MOTOREN 2233R012S 62 F0798
TEL PCB LST 3208-000037-12,3281-000037-12 AND 3281-000058-1,3208-000058-11 BOARD
TOKYO ELECTRON LTD T/B,MC-31304, 8545P08569B 2108-020122-11?2180-020434-13 NNB
HD SF14-100-900480-?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
TEL MonITOR SYSTEM TVB-ISC 1381-644957-17,TVB3101-1/ISC,1308-644957-13 BOARD NNB
KLA TENCOR INSTRUMENTS PFE 4K MASK,SFS7500 213780
SIEMENS SIMATIC CP 342-5,6GK7342-5DA01-0xE0
Applied Materials, STEPPER DRIVE BOARD 0100-00003
MKS BOULDER VACUUM 10099A0421
VMIC VMEBUS VMIVME 2532A BOARD,332-000113-427D
PARKER COMPUMOTOR RP240 OPERATOR INTERFACE
HD 17-50-180863, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
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OMRON AC SERVO MOTOR DRIVER R88D-UA10L?R88M-U10030L-G11B,HD?CP-16A-11-J203A-SP
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NIKON 4S015-165- BOARD BUSMON4
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VELConIC VLPST-0006-P2V-XB,SERVO DRIVE,AMP,PACK, TOEI ELECTRIC
PRO-FACE GP2301H-LG41-24V GP2301HLG4124V?HMI Touch Panel WORKING
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VELConIC VLPST-0006-P2V-XB,070007,SERVO?DRIVE,AMP,PACK, TOEIELECTRIC
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KLOCKNER MOELLER DIL?M 580 820-XHI, FREE?SHIPPING
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VISION ConTROLLER PCB CARD / DATA CUBE MAX VIDEO 200 / 260-0612 /
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TOEI ELECTRIC VELConIC VLPST-006P2V-XB NO WIRINNG PLATE LID.
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FUJIKIN INCORPORATED?PA N.C.,O.P. 0.45~0.6MPA,FS-V31P, 316L?AUJXX000 VALVE NEW
ROCKWELL AUTOMATION?LINEAR SERVO LCK-1 P/N 49795-O-T-0
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FANUC POWER UNIT A16B-1212-0100-01
INTERFACE IBX-2794CL?BOARD P/962/44-001[14] A027 TESTED
PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC ,DRIVER SC423-402-T4?TESTED WORKING
RICOH R0177516D TPB-SA.V0, EMBEDDED MOTHERBOARD FB6GM-L-14,PWB:R0176020A WORKING
APEX DYNAMICS REDUCER GEARHEAD AB115-S1-P2 / RATIO 5:1
FINE SODICK MARK EX?EDW I/O-02E PCB BOARD
VAT GATE,SLIT VALVE?03009-NA24-1003/0268?A-648176
TAMURA OLD-12/15CC POWER SUPPLY
SIEMENS PLC 6ES7 223-1PL22-0xA0(1) 6ES7?221-1BF22-0xA0(3) 6ES7 223-1BH21-0xA0(1)
SIGMA KOKI SURUGA SEIKI B33-60A X.Y.Z STAGE
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HD 25-50-520334-2-E,?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVER MDDDT3530L01,1.0KW
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#0018 PCB BOARD ELECTRIC CARD NIKON INTERFEROMETER ALGLIUIF?4S017-867-
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INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ibase IB720,IB720-I1A-C1A-0927,PENTIUM?III CPU AT 850MHZ
GIKEN GSS-15-N02,SERVO DRIVE GSS ConTROLLER TA8089N2512E453
WATLOW F4 Temperature Process ControllerF4PH-CCAA-01RG,TYPE?4X ENCLOSURE
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VAT 61248-PAAP-AFW1/0002 A-625929
SIEMENS BOARD 6FX1123-80A04 #3
LEICA MIS200 301-364.037(-007)/01 301-364.036(-007)/02
TEL TOKYO QUARTZ 2L05-250211-11,RING.FOCUS LABY-CE R&D NEW IN BOX
HITACHI AC SERVO DRIVER ADA-20LS-K NNB
YASKAWA SGMPH-15AAA2C AC SERVO MOTOR
PRO-FACE GP577R-SC11?TOUCH LCD SCREEN GRAPHIC,HMI,
INTERFACE IBX-2794CL?BOARD P/962/44-001[14] A027 TESTED
PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC ,DRIVER SC423-402-T4?TESTED WORKING
RICOH R0177516D TPB-SA.V0, EMBEDDED MOTHERBOARD FB6GM-L-14,PWB:R0176020A WORKING
APEX DYNAMICS REDUCER GEARHEAD AB115-S1-P2 / RATIO 5:1
FINE SODICK MARK EX?EDW I/O-02E PCB BOARD
VAT GATE,SLIT VALVE?03009-NA24-1003/0268?A-648176
TAMURA OLD-12/15CC POWER SUPPLY
SIEMENS PLC 6ES7 223-1PL22-0xA0(1) 6ES7?221-1BF22-0xA0(3) 6ES7 223-1BH21-0xA0(1)
SIGMA KOKI SURUGA SEIKI B33-60A X.Y.Z STAGE
MESA POWER SYSTEMS BOARD 10651
OMRON NM010 BOARD PCB0006FA2,3G8B3-NM010
HD 25-50-520334-2-E,?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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FANUC BOARD A16B-2202-0420/07E #1
PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVER MDDDT3530L01,1.0KW
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GIKEN AC SERVO DRIVER AU3504 N123E13,[TAMAGAWA AU3516N Z3-6203]
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC, ADVANTECH PAC-6186 G2 REV.A1 TESTED?WORKING.
#0018 PCB BOARD ELECTRIC CARD NIKON INTERFEROMETER ALGLIUIF?4S017-867-
MITSUBISHI AC SERVO?MOTOR HC-KFS73BG1 750W TESTED,WORKING
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ibase IB720,IB720-I1A-C1A-0927,PENTIUM?III CPU AT 850MHZ
GIKEN GSS-15-N02,SERVO DRIVE GSS ConTROLLER TA8089N2512E453
WATLOW F4 Temperature Process ControllerF4PH-CCAA-01RG,TYPE?4X ENCLOSURE
PARKER BAYSIDE REDUCER GEARHEAD P/N: PV90FB-005 MTG: MV90-002 RATIO: 5:1
TEL BOARD PST-OPT P-12XL MOTOR 3381-000084-11
VAT 61248-PAAP-AFW1/0002 A-625929
SIEMENS BOARD 6FX1123-80A04 #3
LEICA MIS200 301-364.037(-007)/01 301-364.036(-007)/02
TEL TOKYO QUARTZ 2L05-250211-11,RING.FOCUS LABY-CE R&D NEW IN BOX
HITACHI AC SERVO DRIVER ADA-20LS-K NNB
YASKAWA SGMPH-15AAA2C AC SERVO MOTOR
PRO-FACE GP577R-SC11?TOUCH LCD SCREEN GRAPHIC,HMI,
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SIEMENS POWER SUPPLY?200W-MULTI-OUTPUT-SCHALTNETZTEIL 4FD6303-0LA03-1A
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YOKOTA FASTENING ConTROLLER YETC-200
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DYNAX CORPORATION 6XAD-002 TEACH PENDANT
FUJI UG210H-SC4 TOUCH SCREEN HMI
INFRANOR CD1 MULTI PURPOSE AC SERVO DRIVER,CD1-pm-STO U:230,1:4.5 NIB 2.25A
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PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVER ADKA300GVTDAA
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,IB865-R,IB865-Q2-CP1A-0218,INTEL[R],P-[R] 4 CPU 3.20GHZ
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